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Through an ethnographic study of a document in urban Brazil - the electricity bill - this working paper by Francesca Pilo' argues for developing a relational and materialist approach to citizenship.

It analyzes the uses and meaning of this document for favela residents, the state and the private electricity provider, within projects to regularize illegal connections and the so- called ‘pacification’ program, a state-security policy to re-establish state territorial control. It proposes to investigate the tensions between the market-oriented process of electricity regularization and citizenship by examining the implications of this contractual change on the way state and non-state actors and residents frame membership to urban political society. Analysis of this document reveals how citizenship framings take specific shape in line with both state reforms and urban processes of differentiation. It shows that the bill materializes both normative ideas of ‘deserving citizenship’ as a territorial, moral and material process, and the potential for political contestation. The working paper thus expands analysis of documents as material mediators of social and political relations, and proposes an understanding of citizenship as a negotiated process involving people, state and non-state actors and objects.